今天跟大家聊聊栈,在程序设计中,栈的使用还是非常广泛的,比如有“括号匹配问题“,”html结构匹配问题“。
所以说掌握了”栈“的使用,对我们学习算法还是很有帮助的。
栈,同样是一种特殊的线性表,是一种Last In First Out(LIFO)的形式,现实中有很多这样的例子,
比如:食堂中的一叠盘子,我们只能从顶端一个一个的取。
”栈“不像”队列“,需要两个指针来维护,栈只需要一个指针就够了,这得益于栈是一种一端受限的线性表。
这里同样用”顺序结构“来存储这个”栈“,top指针指向栈顶,所有的操作只能在top处。
代码段:
#region 栈的数据结构 /// <summary> /// 栈的数据结构 /// </summary> public class SeqStack<T> { public T[] data; /// <summary> /// 栈顶指针 /// </summary> public int top = -1; public SeqStack(int lenth) { data = new T[lenth]; } } #endregion
栈的操作有:①初始化栈,②入栈,③出栈,④获取栈顶。
这个还是比较简单的,初始化栈时,设置默认top指针为-1,这个就不用图来展示了。
代码段:
#region 栈的初始化操作 /// <summary> /// 栈的初始化操作 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <returns></returns> public SeqStack<T> SeqStackInit<T>(int length) { SeqStack<T> seqStack = new SeqStack<T>(length); seqStack.top = -1; return seqStack; } #endregion
这个操作主要就是做两件事情:① 将元素从栈顶压入,② top指针自增。
代码段:
#region 入栈 /// <summary> /// 入栈 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="seqStack"></param> /// <param name="data"></param> public void SeqStackPush<T>(SeqStack<T> seqStack, T data) { if (SeqStackIsFull(seqStack)) throw new Exception("不好意思,栈溢出"); seqStack.data[++seqStack.top] = data; } #endregion
同样跟“入栈”类似,需要做两件事情,①干掉top处的元素,②top指针自减。
代码段
#region 出栈 /// <summary> /// 出栈 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="seqStack"></param> /// <returns></returns> public T SeqStackPop<T>(SeqStack<T> seqStack) { if (SeqStackIsEmpty(seqStack)) throw new Exception("呜呜,栈已空"); seqStack.data[seqStack.top] = default(T); return seqStack.data[--seqStack.top]; } #endregion
这个很简单,跟“出栈”唯一不同的是不破坏栈顶元素,只是翻出来看看而已。
代码段
#region 获取栈顶 /// <summary> /// 获取栈顶 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="seqStack"></param> /// <returns></returns> public T SeqStackPeek<T>(SeqStack<T> seqStack) { if (SeqStackIsEmpty(seqStack)) throw new Exception("栈已空"); return seqStack.data[seqStack.top]; } #endregion
总的运行代码如下
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace SeqStack { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { SeqStackClass stackManager = new SeqStackClass(); SeqStack<Student> seqStack = stackManager.SeqStackInit<Student>(10); Console.WriteLine("******************** 压入ID=1,ID=2,ID=3的元素 ***********************\n"); //压入ID=1,ID=2,ID=3的元素 stackManager.SeqStackPush(seqStack, new Student() { ID = 1, Name = "一线码农", Age = 23 }); stackManager.SeqStackPush(seqStack, new Student() { ID = 2, Name = "huangxincheng520", Age = 23 }); stackManager.SeqStackPush(seqStack, new Student() { ID = 3, Name = "51cto", Age = 23 }); Console.WriteLine(".... 压入成功,当前栈中元素有:" + stackManager.SeqStackLen(seqStack) + "个"); Console.WriteLine("\n****************** 查看栈顶元素 ********************"); var result = stackManager.SeqStackPeek(seqStack); Console.WriteLine("栈顶元素为:ID=" + result.ID + ",Name=" + result.Name + ",Age=" + result.Age); Console.WriteLine("\n******************** 弹出栈顶元素 ***********************"); stackManager.SeqStackPop(seqStack); Console.WriteLine("\n****************** 查看栈中的元素 ********************"); for (int i = 0; i < stackManager.SeqStackLen(seqStack); i++) { Console.WriteLine("栈顶元素为:ID=" + seqStack.data[i].ID + ",Name=" + seqStack.data[i].Name + ",Age=" + seqStack.data[i].Age); } Console.Read(); } } #region 学生数据实体 /// <summary> /// 学生数据实体 /// </summary> public class Student { public int ID { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public int Age { get; set; } } #endregion #region 栈的数据结构 /// <summary> /// 栈的数据结构 /// </summary> public class SeqStack<T> { public T[] data; /// <summary> /// 栈顶指针 /// </summary> public int top = -1; public SeqStack(int lenth) { data = new T[lenth]; } } #endregion public class SeqStackClass { #region 栈的初始化操作 /// <summary> /// 栈的初始化操作 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <returns></returns> public SeqStack<T> SeqStackInit<T>(int length) { SeqStack<T> seqStack = new SeqStack<T>(length); seqStack.top = -1; return seqStack; } #endregion #region 判断栈是否为空 /// <summary> /// 判断栈是否为空 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="seqStack"></param> /// <returns></returns> public bool SeqStackIsEmpty<T>(SeqStack<T> seqStack) { return seqStack.top == -1; } #endregion #region 清空栈 /// <summary> /// 清空栈 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="seqStack"></param> public void SeqStackClear<T>(SeqStack<T> seqStack) { seqStack.top = -1; } #endregion #region 栈是否已满 /// <summary> /// 栈是否已满 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="seqStack"></param> public bool SeqStackIsFull<T>(SeqStack<T> seqStack) { return seqStack.top == seqStack.data.Length; } #endregion #region 入栈 /// <summary> /// 入栈 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="seqStack"></param> /// <param name="data"></param> public void SeqStackPush<T>(SeqStack<T> seqStack, T data) { if (SeqStackIsFull(seqStack)) throw new Exception("不好意思,栈溢出"); seqStack.data[++seqStack.top] = data; } #endregion #region 出栈 /// <summary> /// 出栈 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="seqStack"></param> /// <returns></returns> public T SeqStackPop<T>(SeqStack<T> seqStack) { if (SeqStackIsEmpty(seqStack)) throw new Exception("呜呜,栈已空"); seqStack.data[seqStack.top] = default(T); return seqStack.data[--seqStack.top]; } #endregion #region 获取栈顶 /// <summary> /// 获取栈顶 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="seqStack"></param> /// <returns></returns> public T SeqStackPeek<T>(SeqStack<T> seqStack) { if (SeqStackIsEmpty(seqStack)) throw new Exception("栈已空"); return seqStack.data[seqStack.top]; } #endregion #region 获取栈中元素个数 /// <summary> /// 获取栈中元素个数 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="seqStack"></param> /// <returns></returns> public int SeqStackLen<T>(SeqStack<T> seqStack) { return seqStack.top + 1; } #endregion } }