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销毁资料 - Shred


完全用 GNU/Linux 工作

30. 销毁资料 - Shred

过去在 GNU/Linux 里,冻仁会使用 dd,此指令会将资料填零而达到抹除磁盘的功用,但就算这样还是有被专业人士还原的风险;现在冻仁都改用 shred指令来完成这项任务,此指令是专门用来撕碎资料的。

dd

将 /dev/sdX 装置填零。

  1. dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdX bs=1M

shred

  1. 开始 shred 之前,您必须先安装 coreutils 套件。

  1. $ sudo aptitude install coreutils
  2. # -v 顯示進度。
  3. # -f 強制寫入,必要時允許變更權限寫入。
  4. # -z 用零覆寫並撕碎。
  5. # -n 指定覆寫次數。
  6. # -n 指定覆寫次數。
  1. 抹除硬盘

  1. $ sudo shred -vfz -n 10 /dev/sdX
  2. shred: /dev/sdX11 次之第 1 (random)...
  3. shred: /dev/sdX11 次之第 1 (random)...471MiB/932GiB 0%
  4. shred: /dev/sdX11 次之第 1 (random)...472MiB/932GiB 0%
  5. shred: /dev/sdX11 次之第 1 (random)...949MiB/932GiB 0%
  6. ......
  1. 抹除档案

  1. $ shred -vu -n 10 hello-sherd.txt
  2. shred: hello-sherd.txt: pass 1/3 (random)...
  3. shred: hello-sherd.txt: pass 2/3 (random)...
  4. shred: hello-sherd.txt: pass 3/3 (random)...
  5. shred: hello-sherd.txt: removing
  6. shred: hello-sherd.txt: renamed to 000000000000000
  7. shred: 000000000000000: renamed to 00000000000000
  8. shred: 00000000000000: renamed to 0000000000000
  9. shred: 0000000000000: renamed to 000000000000
  10. shred: 000000000000: renamed to 00000000000
  11. shred: 00000000000: renamed to 0000000000
  12. shred: 0000000000: renamed to 000000000
  13. shred: 000000000: renamed to 00000000
  14. shred: 00000000: renamed to 0000000
  15. shred: 0000000: renamed to 000000
  16. shred: 000000: renamed to 00000
  17. shred: 00000: renamed to 0000
  18. shred: 0000: renamed to 000
  19. shred: 000: renamed to 00
  20. shred: 00: renamed to 0
  21. shred: hello-sherd.txt: removed

※ shred 在 ext3, ext4 这类的日志档案系统上运作时可能无法完整清除,若真不放心可以试试 hdparm。

资料来源

  • shred(1) - Linux man page
  • Linux 上处理坏轨硬盘的两三事 | Rex's blah blah blah
  • LVCHEN 的美国生活指南: 破解格式化的小迷思(上)
  • linux指令:shred将档案碎掉 @ Linux使用者的王国 :: 痞客邦 PIXNET ::
  • Ubuntu密技 - 彻底删除资料 | Alfred's Cave

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