过去在 GNU/Linux 里,冻仁会使用 dd
,此指令会将资料填零而达到抹除磁盘的功用,但就算这样还是有被专业人士还原的风险;现在冻仁都改用 shred
指令来完成这项任务,此指令是专门用来撕碎资料的。
将 /dev/sdX 装置填零。
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdX bs=1M
开始 shred 之前,您必须先安装 coreutils 套件。
$ sudo aptitude install coreutils
# -v 顯示進度。
# -f 強制寫入,必要時允許變更權限寫入。
# -z 用零覆寫並撕碎。
# -n 指定覆寫次數。
# -n 指定覆寫次數。
抹除硬盘
$ sudo shred -vfz -n 10 /dev/sdX
shred: /dev/sdX:11 次之第 1 次 (random)...
shred: /dev/sdX:11 次之第 1 次 (random)...471MiB/932GiB 0%
shred: /dev/sdX:11 次之第 1 次 (random)...472MiB/932GiB 0%
shred: /dev/sdX:11 次之第 1 次 (random)...949MiB/932GiB 0%
......
抹除档案
$ shred -vu -n 10 hello-sherd.txt
shred: hello-sherd.txt: pass 1/3 (random)...
shred: hello-sherd.txt: pass 2/3 (random)...
shred: hello-sherd.txt: pass 3/3 (random)...
shred: hello-sherd.txt: removing
shred: hello-sherd.txt: renamed to 000000000000000
shred: 000000000000000: renamed to 00000000000000
shred: 00000000000000: renamed to 0000000000000
shred: 0000000000000: renamed to 000000000000
shred: 000000000000: renamed to 00000000000
shred: 00000000000: renamed to 0000000000
shred: 0000000000: renamed to 000000000
shred: 000000000: renamed to 00000000
shred: 00000000: renamed to 0000000
shred: 0000000: renamed to 000000
shred: 000000: renamed to 00000
shred: 00000: renamed to 0000
shred: 0000: renamed to 000
shred: 000: renamed to 00
shred: 00: renamed to 0
shred: hello-sherd.txt: removed
※ shred 在 ext3, ext4 这类的日志档案系统上运作时可能无法完整清除,若真不放心可以试试 hdparm。