正如我们早前在书中提过的, 没面模式为一个庞大的(可能更复杂的)代码结构提供了一个更简单的抽象接口。
门面在jQuery库中能够经常见到,它们为开发者处理DOM节点,动画或者令人特别感兴趣的跨域Ajax提供了简单的实现入口。
下面的代码是jQuery $.ajax()方法的门面:
$.get( url, data, callback, dataType );
$.post( url, data, callback, dataType );
$.getJSON( url, data, callback );
$.getScript( url, callback );
这些方法背后真正执行的代码是这样的:
// $.get()
$.ajax({
url: url,
data: data,
dataType: dataType
}).done( callback );
// $.post
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: url,
data: data,
dataType: dataType
}).done( callback );
// $.getJSON()
$.ajax({
url: url,
dataType: "json",
data: data,
}).done( callback );
// $.getScript()
$.ajax({
url: url,
dataType: "script",
}).done( callback );
更有趣的是,上面代码中的门面实际上是它们自身具有的能力,它们隐藏了代码背后很多复杂的操作。
这是因为jQuery.ajax()在jQuery核心代码中的实现是一段不平凡的代码,至少是这样的。至少它规范了XHR(XMLHttpRequest)之间的差异而且让我们能够简单的执行常见的HTTP动作(比如:get、post等),以及处理延迟等等。
由于显示与上面所讲的门面相关的代码将会占据整个章节,这里仅仅给出了jQuery核心代码中规划化XHR的代码:
// Functions to create xhrs
function createStandardXHR() {
try {
return new window.XMLHttpRequest();
} catch( e ) {}
}
function createActiveXHR() {
try {
return new window.ActiveXObject( "Microsoft.XMLHTTP" );
} catch( e ) {}
}
// Create the request object
jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr = window.ActiveXObject ?
/* Microsoft failed to properly
* implement the XMLHttpRequest in IE7 (can't request local files),
* so we use the ActiveXObject when it is available
* Additionally XMLHttpRequest can be disabled in IE7/IE8 so
* we need a fallback.
*/
function() {
return !this.isLocal && createStandardXHR() || createActiveXHR();
} :
// For all other browsers, use the standard XMLHttpRequest object
createStandardXHR;
...
下面的代码也处于实际的jQuery XHR(jqXHR)实现的上层,它是我们实际上经常打交道的方便的门面:
// Request the remote document
jQuery.ajax({
url: url,
type: type,
dataType: "html",
data: params,
// Complete callback (responseText is used internally)
complete: function( jqXHR, status, responseText ) {
// Store the response as specified by the jqXHR object
responseText = jqXHR.responseText;
// If successful, inject the HTML into all the matched elements
if ( jqXHR.isResolved() ) {
// Get the actual response in case
// a dataFilter is present in ajaxSettings
jqXHR.done(function( r ) {
responseText = r;
});
// See if a selector was specified
self.html( selector ?
// Create a dummy div to hold the results
jQuery("
<div>
")
// inject the contents of the document in, removing the scripts
// to avoid any 'Permission Denied' errors in IE
.append(responseText.replace(rscript, ""))
// Locate the specified elements
.find(selector) :
// If not, just inject the full result
responseText );
}
if ( callback ) {
self.each( callback, [ responseText, status, jqXHR ] );
}
}
});
return this;
}
</div>