在 C# 中,结构是值类型数据结构。它使得一个单一变量可以存储各种数据类型的相关数据。struct 关键字用于创建结构。
结构是用来代表一个记录。假设您想跟踪图书馆中书的动态。您可能想跟踪每本书的以下属性:
为了定义一个结构,您必须使用 struct 语句。struct 语句为程序定义了一个带有多个成员的新的数据类型。
例如,您可以按照如下的方式声明 Book 结构:
struct Books { public string title; public string author; public string subject; public int book_id; };
下面的程序演示了结构的用法:
using System; struct Books { public string title; public string author; public string subject; public int book_id; }; public class testStructure { public static void Main(string[] args) { Books Book1; /* 声明 Book1,类型为 Book */ Books Book2; /* 声明 Book2,类型为 Book */ /* book 1 详述 */ Book1.title = "C Programming"; Book1.author = "Nuha Ali"; Book1.subject = "C Programming Tutorial"; Book1.book_id = 6495407; /* book 2 详述 */ Book2.title = "Telecom Billing"; Book2.author = "Zara Ali"; Book2.subject = "Telecom Billing Tutorial"; Book2.book_id = 6495700; /* 打印 Book1 信息 */ Console.WriteLine( "Book 1 title : {0}", Book1.title); Console.WriteLine("Book 1 author : {0}", Book1.author); Console.WriteLine("Book 1 subject : {0}", Book1.subject); Console.WriteLine("Book 1 book_id :{0}", Book1.book_id); /* 打印 Book2 信息 */ Console.WriteLine("Book 2 title : {0}", Book2.title); Console.WriteLine("Book 2 author : {0}", Book2.author); Console.WriteLine("Book 2 subject : {0}", Book2.subject); Console.WriteLine("Book 2 book_id : {0}", Book2.book_id); Console.ReadKey(); } }
当上面的代码被编译和执行时,它会产生下列结果:
Book 1 title : C Programming Book 1 author : Nuha Ali Book 1 subject : C Programming Tutorial Book 1 book_id : 6495407 Book 2 title : Telecom Billing Book 2 author : Zara Ali Book 2 subject : Telecom Billing Tutorial Book 2 book_id : 6495700
您已经用了一个简单的名为 Books 的结构。在 C# 中的结构与传统的 C 或 C++ 中的结构不同。C# 中的结构有一下特点:
类和结构有以下几个基本的不同点:
针对上述讨论,让我们重写前面的实例:
using System; struct Books { private string title; private string author; private string subject; private int book_id; public void getValues(string t, string a, string s, int id) { title = t; author = a; subject = s; book_id = id; } public void display() { Console.WriteLine("Title : {0}", title); Console.WriteLine("Author : {0}", author); Console.WriteLine("Subject : {0}", subject); Console.WriteLine("Book_id :{0}", book_id); } }; public class testStructure { public static void Main(string[] args) { Books Book1 = new Books(); /* 声明 Book1,类型为 Book */ Books Book2 = new Books(); /* 声明 Book2,类型为 Book */ /* book 1 详述 */ Book1.getValues("C Programming", "Nuha Ali", "C Programming Tutorial",6495407); /* book 2 详述 */ Book2.getValues("Telecom Billing", "Zara Ali", "Telecom Billing Tutorial", 6495700); /* 打印 Book1 信息 */ Book1.display(); /* 打印 Book2 信息 */ Book2.display(); Console.ReadKey(); } }
当上面的代码被编译和执行时,它会产生下列结果:
Title : C Programming Author : Nuha Ali Subject : C Programming Tutorial Book_id : 6495407 Title : Telecom Billing Author : Zara Ali Subject : Telecom Billing Tutorial Book_id : 6495700