讲完了分页功能,这一节我们先不急着实现新的功能。来简要介绍下Abp中Json的用法。为什么要在这一节讲呢?当然是做铺垫啊,后面的系列文章会经常和Json这个东西打交道。
JSON(JavaScript Object Notation) 是一种轻量级的数据交换格式。 易于人阅读和编写。同时也易于机器解析和生成。JSON采用完全独立于语言的文本格式,但是也使用了类似于C语言家族的习惯(包括C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, Perl, Python等)。 这些特性使JSON成为理想的数据交换语言。
Json一般用于表示:
名称/值对:
{"firstName":"Brett","lastName":"McLaughlin","email":"aaaa"}
数组:
{
"people":[
{"firstName":"Brett","lastName":"McLaughlin","email":"aaaa"},
{"firstName":"Jason","lastName":"Hunter","email":"bbbb"},
{"firstName":"Elliotte","lastName":"Harold","email":"cccc"}
]
}
Asp.net mvc中默认提供了JsonResult
来处理需要返回Json格式数据的情况。
一般我们可以这样使用:
public ActionResult Movies()
{
var movies = new List<object>();
movies.Add(new { Title = "Ghostbusters", Genre = "Comedy", ReleaseDate = new DateTime(2017,1,1) });
movies.Add(new { Title = "Gone with Wind", Genre = "Drama", ReleaseDate = new DateTime(2017, 1, 3) });
movies.Add(new { Title = "Star Wars", Genre = "Science Fiction", ReleaseDate = new DateTime(2017, 1, 23) });
return Json(movies, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
}
其中Json()
是Controller基类中提供的虚方法。
返回的json结果格式化后为:
[
{
"Title": "Ghostbusters",
"Genre": "Comedy",
"ReleaseDate": "\/Date(1483200000000)\/"
},
{
"Title": "Gone with Wind",
"Genre": "Drama",
"ReleaseDate": "\/Date(1483372800000)\/"
},
{
"Title": "Star Wars",
"Genre": "Science Fiction",
"ReleaseDate": "\/Date(1485100800000)\/"
}
]
仔细观察返回的json结果,有以下几点不足:
item.Title
,item.Genre
,item.ReleaseDate
)。
length
获取。
所以Abp封装了AbpJsonResult
继承于JsonResult
,其中主要添加了两个属性:
并在AbpController
中重载了Controller
的Json()
方法,强制所有返回的Json格式数据为AbpJsonResult
类型,并提供了AbpJson()
的虚方法。
/// <summary>
/// Json the specified data, contentType, contentEncoding and behavior.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="data">Data.</param>
/// <param name="contentType">Content type.</param>
/// <param name="contentEncoding">Content encoding.</param>
/// <param name="behavior">Behavior.</param>
protected override JsonResult Json(object data, string contentType,
Encoding contentEncoding, JsonRequestBehavior behavior)
{
if (_wrapResultAttribute != null && !_wrapResultAttribute.WrapOnSuccess)
{
return base.Json(data, contentType, contentEncoding, behavior);
}
return AbpJson(data, contentType, contentEncoding, behavior);
}
protected virtual AbpJsonResult AbpJson(
object data,
string contentType = null,
Encoding contentEncoding = null,
JsonRequestBehavior behavior = JsonRequestBehavior.DenyGet,
bool wrapResult = true,
bool camelCase = true,
bool indented = false)
{
if (wrapResult)
{
if (data == null)
{
data = new AjaxResponse();
}
else if (!(data is AjaxResponseBase))
{
data = new AjaxResponse(data);
}
}
return new AbpJsonResult
{
Data = data,
ContentType = contentType,
ContentEncoding = contentEncoding,
JsonRequestBehavior = behavior,
CamelCase = camelCase,
Indented = indented
};
}
在ABP中用Controler继承自AbpController,直接使用return Json()
,将返回Json结果格式化后:
{
"result": [
{
"title": "Ghostbusters",
"genre": "Comedy",
"releaseDate": "2017-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"title": "Gone with Wind",
"genre": "Drama",
"releaseDate": "2017-01-03T00:00:00"
},
{
"title": "Star Wars",
"genre": "Science Fiction",
"releaseDate": "2017-01-23T00:00:00"
}
],
"targetUrl": null,
"success": true,
"error": null,
"unAuthorizedRequest": false,
"__abp": true
}
其中result为代码中指定返回的数据。其他几个键值对是ABP封装的,包含了是否认证、是否成功、错误信息,以及目标Url。这几个参数是不是很sweet。
也可以通过调用return AbpJson()
来指定参数进行json格式化输出。
仔细观察会发现日期格式还是怪怪的。2017-01-23T00:00:00
,多了一个T。查看AbpJsonReult
源码发现调用的是Newtonsoft.Json序列化组件中的JsonConvert.SerializeObject(obj, settings);
进行序列化。
查看Newtonsoft.Json官网介绍,日期格式化输出,需要指定IsoDateTimeConverter
的DateTimeFormat
即可。
IsoDateTimeConverter timeFormat = new IsoDateTimeConverter();
timeFormat.DateTimeFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";
JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dt, Formatting.Indented, timeFormat)
那在我们Abp中我们怎么去指定这个DateTimeFormat
呢?
ABP中提供了AbpDateTimeConverter
类继承自IsoDateTimeConverter
。
但查看ABP中集成的Json序列化扩展类:
public static class JsonExtensions
{
/// <summary>Converts given object to JSON string.</summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string ToJsonString(this object obj, bool camelCase = false, bool indented = false)
{
JsonSerializerSettings settings = new JsonSerializerSettings();
if (camelCase)
settings.ContractResolver = (IContractResolver) new CamelCasePropertyNamesContractResolver();
if (indented)
settings.Formatting = Formatting.Indented;
settings.Converters.Insert(0, (JsonConverter) new AbpDateTimeConverter());
return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(obj, settings);
}
}
明显没有指定DateTimeFormat,那我们就只能自己动手了,具体代码请参考4种解决json日期格式问题的办法的第四种办法。
当有异常发生时,Abp返回的Json格式化输出以下结果:
{
"targetUrl": null,
"result": null,
"success": false,
"error": {
"message": "An internal error occured during your request!",
"details": "..."
},
"unAuthorizedRequest": false
}
当不需要abp对json进行封装包裹怎么办?
简单。只需要在方法上标记[DontWrapResult]
特性即可。这个特性其实是一个快捷方式用来告诉ABP不要用AbpJsonResult包裹我,看源码就明白了:
namespace Abp.Web.Models
{
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Interface | AttributeTargets.Method)]
public class DontWrapResultAttribute : WrapResultAttribute
{
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="DontWrapResultAttribute"/> class.
/// </summary>
public DontWrapResultAttribute()
: base(false, false)
{
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Used to determine how ABP should wrap response on the web layer.
/// </summary>
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Interface | AttributeTargets.Method)]
public class WrapResultAttribute : Attribute
{
/// <summary>
/// Wrap result on success.
/// </summary>
public bool WrapOnSuccess { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Wrap result on error.
/// </summary>
public bool WrapOnError { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Log errors.
/// Default: true.
/// </summary>
public bool LogError { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="WrapResultAttribute"/> class.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="wrapOnSuccess">Wrap result on success.</param>
/// <param name="wrapOnError">Wrap result on error.</param>
public WrapResultAttribute(bool wrapOnSuccess = true, bool wrapOnError = true)
{
WrapOnSuccess = wrapOnSuccess;
WrapOnError = wrapOnError;
LogError = true;
}
}
}
在AbpResultFilter
和AbpExceptionFilter
过滤器中会根据WrapResultAttribute
、DontWrapResultAttribute
特性进行相应的过滤。
第一种办法:前端JS转换:
//格式化显示json日期格式
function showDate(jsonDate) {
var date = new Date(jsonDate);
var formatDate = date.toDateString();
return formatDate;
}
第二种办法:在Abp的WepApiModule(模块)中指定JsonFormatter的时间序列化时间格式。(已失效)
GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Formatters.JsonFormatter.SerializerSettings.DateFormatString ="yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";
PS:这种方法仅对WebApi有效。
第三种办法:
var converters = Configuration.Modules.AbpWebApi().HttpConfiguration.Formatters.JsonFormatter.SerializerSettings.Converters;
foreach (var converter in converters)
{
if (converter is AbpDateTimeConverter)
{
var tmpConverter = converter as AbpDateTimeConverter;
tmpConverter.DateTimeFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";
}
}
本节主要讲解了以下几个问题: