JavaScript的数据类型
先来看看简单类型的复制方式:
//string var s1 = 'abc'; var s2 = s1; s2 = 'ccc'; console.log(s1); //number var n1 = 12.1; var n2 = n1; n2 = 7410; console.log(n1); //boolean var b1 = true; var b2 = b1; b2 = false; console.log(b1); //null var nu1 = null; var nu2 = nu1; nu2 = 'abc'; console.log(nu1); //undefined var u1 = undefined; var u2 = u1; u2 = 'abc'; console.log(u1);
从以上的代码可以看出,简单类型,只需要直接赋值就是深复制了。但是也有一个例外,那就是function。
接着来看看String、Number、Boolean、Date的深复制:
//String var s1 = new String('s1'); var s2 = new String(s1); console.log(s2); //Number var n1 = new Number('1'); var n2 = new Number(n1); console.log(n2); //Boolean var b1 = new Boolean(1); var b2 = new Boolean(b1); console.log(b2); //Date var d1 = new Date(); var d2 = new Date(d1); console.log(d2);
除以上的做法之外,还需要对实例属性进行拷贝。那么剩下的Function、function、RegExp和Array还有Object又该怎么拷贝呢?这几个比较特殊,我们一个一个来:
对于Function和function的深拷贝,我们可以按照如下的方式来做:
var f1 = new Function('a', 'console.log("f1" + a);'); var f2 = function(b){console.log('f2' + b);}; //通过toString获取源代码(有浏览器兼容问题) var code = f1.toString(); //利用eval进行复制 var f1_copy = (function(functionCode){ eval('var f = ' + functionCode); return f; })(code); f1_copy('abc'); //当然f2也可以用同样的方式来复制。
接着,我们来看下RegExp,可以同样同时eval来执行拷贝,也可以使用如下方式:
var reg1 = /abc/g; var reg2 = new RegExp('abc', 'gmi'); var reg1_copy = (function(reg){ var pattern = reg.valueOf(); var flags = (pattern.global ? 'g' : '') + (pattern.ignorecase ? 'i' : '') + (pattern.multiline ? 'm' : ''); return new RegExp(pattern.source, flags); })(reg1);
最后,我们来说一说Array的复制,有的人可以说,直接用slice复制一份出来就是了,那我们来看看,是否真的达到效果的呢?
var o = {name: 'Jay'}; var arr1 = [o, '22', 1]; var arr2 = arr1.slice(0); arr2[0].name = 'Arr2'; console.log(arr1[0].name);
很简短的代码,直接就把slice抛弃了,slice只能保证Array是新的,并不意味着内部的元素是深拷贝的,那么如何做呢?就是遍历元素,对每个元素进行深拷贝了。代码如下:
var o = {name: 'Jay'}; var arr1 = [o, '22', 1]; var arr2 = []; for(var i = 0, len = arr1.length; i < len; i++){ //注意,deepClone还未实现 arr2.push(deepClone(arr1[i])); }
以上对针对不同的类型,特殊的代码,那么如何来拷贝实例属性呢?代码如下:
var o = {p1: '1', p2: 2, p3: function(){}}; var copy = {}; for(var p in o){ //注意deepClone还未实现 copy[p] = deepClone(o[p]); }
注意:针对复杂类型,还需要同时copy.constructor = source.constructor来保证构造函数一致。
通过以上的分析与代码示例,那么我们最终的代码又是怎样的呢?详细代码如下:
//自调用函数,防御性编程 ; (function (window) { 'use strict'; function getCustomType(obj) { var type = typeof obj, resultType = 'object'; //简单类型 if (type !== 'object' || obj === null) { resultType = 'simple'; } else if (obj instanceof String || obj instanceof Number || obj instanceof Boolean || obj instanceof Date) { resultType = 'complex'; } else if (obj instanceof Function) { resultType = 'function'; } else if (obj instanceof RegExp) { resultType = 'regexp'; } else if (obj instanceof Array) { resultType = 'array'; } return resultType; } function cloneProperties(dest, source) { dest.constructor = source.constructor; for (var p in source) { dest[p] = deepClone(source[p]); } return dest; } function cloneSimple(obj) { return obj; } function cloneComplex(obj) { var result = new obj.constructor(obj); return cloneProperties(result); } function cloneFunction(obj) { var funCopy = (function (f) { eval('var abcdefg_$$$$ = ' + obj.toString()); return abcdefg_$$$$; })(obj); return cloneProperties(funCopy); } function cloneRegExp(obj) { var pattern = obj.valueOf(); var flags = (pattern.global ? 'g' : '') + (pattern.ignorecase ? 'i' : '') + (pattern.multiline ? 'm' : ''); var reg = new RegExp(pattern.source, flags); return cloneProperties(reg); } function cloneArray(obj) { var resultArr = []; for (var i = 0, len = obj.length; i < len; i++) { resultArr.push(deepClone(obj[i])); } for (var p in obj) { if (typeof p === 'number' && p < len) { continue; } resultArr[p] = deepClone(obj[p]); } return resultArr; } function cloneObject(obj) { var result = {}; result.constructor = obj.constructor; for (var p in obj) { result[p] = deepClone(obj[p]); } return result; } function deepClone(obj) { var f = undefined; switch (getCustomType(obj)) { case 'simple': f = cloneSimple; break; case 'complex': f = cloneComplex; break; case 'function': f = cloneFunction; break; case 'regexp': f = cloneRegExp; break; case 'array': f = cloneArray; break; case 'object': f = cloneObject; break; } return f.call(undefined, obj); } //挂载到window对象上 window.deepClone = deepClone; })(window);