MySQL 数据库常见调优方法及参数设置

1. 关闭 SELinux

vim /etc/selinux/config 更改 SELINUX=enforcing 为　SELINUX=disabled

2. 更改 IO Schedule,　对于 SSD 硬盘无需更改

echo deadline > /sys/block/sda/queue/scheduler

3. 更改 ulimit

vim /etc/security/limits.conf
 
*               soft    nofile          65535
*               hard    nofile          65535
root            soft    nofile          65535
root            hard    nofile          65535

4. 更改内核参数

vim /etc/sysctl.conf
 
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 3000
net.core.optmem_max = 20480
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 8388608
net.core.wmem_default = 1048576
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
 
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 786432 1048576 1572864
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 32768 4194304 8388608
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem =  8192 4194304 8388608
 
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 2048
 
net.ipv4.tcp_retries2 = 5
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
 
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 3600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 9
 
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 10240 61000
 
fs.file-max = 6815744
vm.swappiness = 0
 
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.ctrl-alt-del = 1

5. MySQL 5.6.10 数据库自身设置

＃ 以下针对 24G 内存服务器设置 my.cnf
 
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
 
[mysqld]
 
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
 
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
 
max_connections = 1024
max_connect_errors = 10000
max_allowed_packet = 16M
 
skip-name-resolve
lower_case_table_names = 1
 
thread_cache = 128
table_open_cache = 1024
 
query_cache_type = 1
query_cache_size = 128M
 
join_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
 
max_heap_table_size = 128M
tmp_table_size = 128M
tmpdir = /dev/shm
 
binlog_cache_size = 12M
max_binlog_size = 512M
expire_logs_days = 3
 
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16G
innodb_use_sys_malloc = 1
 
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
innodb_log_file_size = 128M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 32M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
 
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
 
# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
# basedir = .....
# datadir = .....
# port = .....
# server_id = .....
# socket = .....
 
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M 
 
# slow_query_log = 1
# slow_query_log_file = slow.log
# long_query_time = 1
# log_queries_not_using_indexes
 
# log-bin = mysql-bin
# server-id = 1
# innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
# sync_binlog = 1
 
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

附上 MySQL 5.6.10 编译参数:

tar zxvf mysql-5.6.10.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.6.10
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_DEBUG=0 -DCURSES_LIBRARY=/usr/lib64/libncurses.so -DCURSES_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/include
make
make install