在HTML5本地存储——IndexedDB(一:基本使用)中介绍了关于IndexedDB的基本使用方法,很不过瘾,这篇我们来看看indexedDB的杀器——索引。
熟悉数据库的同学都知道索引的一个好处就是可以迅速定位数据,提高搜索速度,在indexedDB中有两种索引,一种是自增长的int值,一种是keyPath:自己指定索引列,我们重点来看看keyPath方式的索引使用.
我们可以在创建object store的时候指明索引,使用object store的createIndex创建索引,方法有三个参数
function openDB (name,version) { var version=version || 1; var request=window.indexedDB.open(name,version); request.onerror=function(e){ console.log(e.currentTarget.error.message); }; request.onsuccess=function(e){ myDB.db=e.target.result; }; request.onupgradeneeded=function(e){ var db=e.target.result; if(!db.objectStoreNames.contains('students')){ var store=db.createObjectStore('students',{keyPath: 'id'}); store.createIndex('nameIndex','name',{unique:true}); store.createIndex('ageIndex','age',{unique:false}); } console.log('DB version changed to '+version); }; }
这样我们在students 上创建了两个索引
function getDataByIndex(db,storeName){ var transaction=db.transaction(storeName); var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName); var index = store.index("nameIndex"); index.get('Byron').onsuccess=function(e){ var student=e.target.result; console.log(student.id); } }
这样我们可以利用索引快速获取数据,name的索引是唯一的没问题,但是对于age索引只会取到第一个匹配值,要想得到所有age符合条件的值就需要使用游标了
在indexedDB中使用索引和游标是分不开的,对数据库熟悉的同学很好理解游标是什么东东,有了数据库object store的游标,我们就可以利用游标遍历object store了。
使用object store的openCursor()方法打开游标
function fetchStoreByCursor(db,storeName){ var transaction=db.transaction(storeName); var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName); var request=store.openCursor(); request.onsuccess=function(e){ var cursor=e.target.result; if(cursor){ console.log(cursor.key); var currentStudent=cursor.value; console.log(currentStudent.name); cursor.continue(); } }; }
curson.contine()会使游标下移,知道没有数据返回undefined
要想获取age为26的student,可以结合游标使用索引
function getMultipleData(db,storeName){ var transaction=db.transaction(storeName); var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName); var index = store.index("ageIndex"); var request=index.openCursor(IDBKeyRange.only(26)) request.onsuccess=function(e){ var cursor=e.target.result; if(cursor){ var student=cursor.value; console.log(student.id); cursor.continue(); } } }
这样我们可是使用索引打开一个游标,参数下面会讲到,在成功的句柄内获得游标便利age为26的student,也可以通过index.openKeyCursor()方法只获取每个对象的key值。
index.openCursor()/index.openKeyCursor()方法在不传递参数的时候会获取object store所有记录,像上面例子一样我们可以对搜索进行筛选
可以使用key range 限制游标中值的范围,把它作为第一个参数传给 openCursor() 或是 openKeyCursor()
IDBKeyRange.only(value):只获取指定数据
IDBKeyRange.lowerBound(value,isOpen):获取最小是value的数据,第二个参数用来指示是否排除value值本身,也就是数学中的是否是开区间
IDBKeyRange.upperBound(value,isOpen):和上面类似,用于获取最大值是value的数据
IDBKeyRange.bound(value1,value2,isOpen1,isOpen2):不用解释了吧
获取名字首字母在B-E的student
function getMultipleData(db,storeName){ var transaction=db.transaction(storeName); var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName); var index = store.index("nameIndex"); var request=index.openCursor(IDBKeyRange.bound('B','F',false, true )); request.onsuccess=function(e){ var cursor=e.target.result; if(cursor){ var student=cursor.value; console.log(student.name); cursor.continue(); } } }
<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html> <head> <title>IndexedDB</title> </head> <body> <script type="text/javascript"> function openDB (name,version) { var version=version || 1; var request=window.indexedDB.open(name,version); request.onerror=function(e){ console.log(e.currentTarget.error.message); }; request.onsuccess=function(e){ myDB.db=e.target.result; }; request.onupgradeneeded=function(e){ var db=e.target.result; if(!db.objectStoreNames.contains('students')){ var store=db.createObjectStore('students',{keyPath: 'id'}); store.createIndex('nameIndex','name',{unique:true}); store.createIndex('ageIndex','age',{unique:false}); } console.log('DB version changed to '+version); }; } function closeDB(db){ db.close(); } function deleteDB(name){ indexedDB.deleteDatabase(name); } function addData(db,storeName){ var transaction=db.transaction(storeName,'readwrite'); var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName); for(var i=0;i<students.length;i++){ store.add(students[i]); } } function getDataByKey(db,storeName,value){ var transaction=db.transaction(storeName,'readwrite'); var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName); var request=store.get(value); request.onsuccess=function(e){ var student=e.target.result; console.log(student.name); }; } function updateDataByKey(db,storeName,value){ var transaction=db.transaction(storeName,'readwrite'); var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName); var request=store.get(value); request.onsuccess=function(e){ var student=e.target.result; student.age=35; store.put(student); }; } function deleteDataByKey(db,storeName,value){ var transaction=db.transaction(storeName,'readwrite'); var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName); store.delete(value); } function clearObjectStore(db,storeName){ var transaction=db.transaction(storeName,'readwrite'); var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName); store.clear(); } function deleteObjectStore(db,storeName){ var transaction=db.transaction(storeName,'versionchange'); db.deleteObjectStore(storeName); } function fetchStoreByCursor(db,storeName){ var transaction=db.transaction(storeName); var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName); var request=store.openCursor(); request.onsuccess=function(e){ var cursor=e.target.result; if(cursor){ console.log(cursor.key); var currentStudent=cursor.value; console.log(currentStudent.name); cursor.continue(); } }; } function getDataByIndex(db,storeName){ var transaction=db.transaction(storeName); var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName); var index = store.index("ageIndex"); index.get(26).onsuccess=function(e){ var student=e.target.result; console.log(student.id); } } function getMultipleData(db,storeName){ var transaction=db.transaction(storeName); var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName); var index = store.index("nameIndex"); var request=index.openCursor(null,IDBCursor.prev); request.onsuccess=function(e){ var cursor=e.target.result; if(cursor){ var student=cursor.value; console.log(student.name); cursor.continue(); } } } var myDB={ name:'test', version:1, db:null }; var students=[{ id:1001, name:"Byron", age:24 },{ id:1002, name:"Frank", age:30 },{ id:1003, name:"Aaron", age:26 },{ id:1004, name:"Casper", age:26 }]; </script> </body> </html>
有了游标和索引才能真正发挥indexedDB为例,是不是感觉比自定义对象强大方便了很多呢。